Pennsylvania Association Essay Example for Free

Pennsylvania Association Essay The right to an appropriate public education and equal treatment of children with disabilities has been a highly contested issue in the last few decades. Until 1975, most disabled children were deliberately segregated and denied the right to education. In 1971, a case was filed by the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children against the Common Wealth of Pennsylvania (PARC v. PA) on the access of to public education by the children with disabilities. Attorney Thomas K. Gilhool represented PARC while Attorney Gen. , Ed Weintrub represented the defendants in the three judge case. The concerned parents (plaintiff) through their attorney argued that children with disabilities were denied free access to education and/or an appropriate and adequate education under the then instructional programs (United States District Court, 1971). Inspired by the equal rights movement, the parents presented their claim through Attorney Thomas who based his argument on the Brown v. Board of Education case which had ruled out that the equal but separate schools’ segregation in practice was unconstitutional under the Federal constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment. However, the defendants (commonwealth) did not struggle for the exclusion of such children but rather opted to collaborate with the United States federal court and PARC to arrive at a consent agreement. The case led to a landmark decision affirming that children with disabilities have an equal right to education at the expense of the public including due processes. Ruling on the case, the judges referred to Section 1304 of the 1949’s Public School Code under which they forbid any form of denial of access of the mentally retarded children to free public education and/or training program (Ibid). Quoting Section 1372(3) of the same code, the court ruled against denial of home based instruction to any child with child retardation on the basis that the disability due to retardation is not short-long-term and/ or that the retardation is not accompanied by physical disability. The ruling also obliged the defendants to conduct with immediate effect a reevaluation of the stated plaintiffs including all other mentally retarded individuals of 6 to 21 years and provide every one of them appropriate and free public education program and training in line with their abilities (Wise Fagan, 2000). PA was also ordered to provide a preschool program for both mentally healthy and retarded children below six years of age according to their abilities The ruling demanded that commonwealth provide free appropriate public education (FAPE) which is an individualized educational and training program that meets the specific needs of each individual according to their type of disability. This implies that a school psychologists, regarded as a diagnostician with the responsibility of conducting individual study and evaluation of abnormal cases to provide recommendation. The psychologist is concerned with the assessment and arrangement of contingencies for groups or individual students (Ibid). The ruling of this case expanded the scope to which the psychologist could intervene into individualized cases as the limited focus on individualized instruction formerly practiced was lifted. For instance, prior to this case, a school psychologist would have been limited to offer intervention programs recommending special or individualized care since segregation did not allow it. This means that the school psychologist is no longer limited in the range of individualized remedies they can offer to various instructors. The U. S Federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA Act) governs the manner in which public agencies and states provide special education and early intervention programs for children with disabilities. It focuses on the age bracket ranging from birth to 21 years of age. IDEA was formed from the preceding Education for All Handicapped Children Act which is a product of several federal laws ruling against the unconstitutional segregation and deprivation of public education and training programs to children with disabilities (Network of Advocates for Promising Practices in Education). The ruling of the PARC v. Common wealth case provided the platform for these similar cases that facilitated for the 1975’s Education for All Handicapped Children Act that guaranteed for the first time, constitutionally protected rights to an appropriate and free public education to youths and children with disabilities. Amendments on the law in 1990 had the name of the Act changed to IDEA. This 1971 ruling has continued to impact on IDEA and disabilities issues at large since through its consideration, the former unconstitutional segregation of schools on separate but equal basis was nullified. References Network of Advocates for Promising Practices in Education, IDEA History. Retrieved 27 May 2010 from http://www. etsu. edu/idea/nappe/ideahistory. html. United States District Court. (1971). Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E. D. PA 1972). E. D. Pennsylvania. Retrieved 27 May 2010 from http://www. faculty. piercelaw. edu/redfield/library/Pdf/case-parc. pennsylvania. pdf. Wise, P. S. Fagan, T. K. (2000). School Psychology: Past, present, and future. (2nd ed. ). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

Essay --

221B Baker Street, is where a well-known detective resides. Sherlock Holmes, born in 1854, started his career as a private eye after college when a colleague’s father inspired him to do so. He worked alone for a number of years employing agents and using informants. Later on, he accepted a roommate Dr. Watson. Eventually, they become good friends and crime solving partners. Sherlock Holmes was not only an influential and respected detective, as well as, a good friend, but also a well-read fictional character in British literature. When his good friend Dr. Watson described him, it included adjectives such as, â€Å"Bohemian, accurate, curious, and has as calculating nature.† Holmes was always thought to have a curious ability for analytical reasoning which helped him to succeed when unraveling crimes. He was also known to have the ability to â€Å"lie to police, conceal evidence, or break into houses when he felt morally justifiable.† Sherlock Holmes worked hand in hand with Scotland Yard in London, England. He was considered a respected and talented investigator. Holmes recognizably, had a unique talent for deduction. He was well known to have an unusual gift for investigative talent. Sherlock Holmes was a non-typical avant-garde detective who thought out of the box when solving crimes. He was able to draw inferences, based on very careful observations. Holmes was known to say â€Å"when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains however improbable, must be the truth.† Additionally, Sherlock could play the violin well and considered himself a loner. He was also an expert Single Stick player, boxer and swordsman. Ideally, Sherlock had a practical knowledge of British law. Well known to any observer, was the relationship ... ...ed movie character; 75 actors have played the part in more than 200 films.† There always seems to be a new interpretation of the genius defining Sherlock Holmes. Every actor bring an individual style to Sherlock’s character and personality. The iconic image of Sherlock Holmes as a suave English gentleman wearing a Deerstalker cap and a cape was portrayed in most of the feature films. He was created in the 19th century and was the prime figure in four novels and more than 50 short stories. For this reason of the continued popularity, the novels, comic books, television shows, theater movies and the newest T.V productions, Sherlock and his broad shoulders will continue to credit the writings of Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes has recently shifted from a Victorian image to a 21st century super hero. The star role continues to be inspiring and irresistible. Fan clubs

Coca Cola Research Essay

3.3 Collect and review data using appropriate methods, including primary and secondary research techniques The researcher used the questionnaire method as his primary research technique. The survey questionnaire was adapted from a previous research done by an Advertising agency regarding effectiveness of advertising. This survey was then distributed online to a sample population within Metro Manila. And the secondary research technique that was used was from the study of Mr. Honorata Ocampo Lee which is about Comparison of the effectiveness of the physical distribution processess and strategies of Coca Cola bottlers Philippines Inc. and Pepsi Cola products Philippines Inc. in selected districts in Manila for the year 2001-2003. 3.4 Analyze and interpret appropriate qualitative and quantitative data Quantitative research uses a scientific approach; the researcher’s hypothesis which stated in his study will need to have an attempt in proving and disproving that hypothesis. The data that will be generated can be analyzed mathematically. (Primary and Secondary research) The researcher used questionnaire to Qualitative research is concerned with the opinions and feelings; the data that will be collected is not necessarily set of numbers. It looks at the overall image rather than the separate components. (Primary and Secondary research) 4.1 Record findings in an accepted format and 4.2 Present and summarize the findings using suitable methods 1. Please open the link to view the ad material. Have you seen this advertisement before? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiu9PcEyQ5Y? Among the 50 respondents, 40 percent (20 respondents) said yes and 60 percent (30 respondents) said they haven’t seen the adver tisement yet. 2. How would you rate the overall quality of this advertisement? 40 percent of the respondents thought that the advertisement was good. 32% answered fair, 16% answered very good, and 12% answered excellent. None of the respondents answered poor. The data suggests that majority of the respondents thought of the advertisement as good enough or slightly above average. 3. How would you rate this advertisement compared with the others you’ve seen with familiar products/services? Majority (64%) of the respondents answered that the Coca-Cola advertisement was just â€Å"about the same† as other products’ advertisements. Meanwhile 20% answered that their ads were â€Å"A Little Better than the Others† and 8% thought that it was much better than the others. On the other hand 8% answered that the advertisement was a little worse than others. This data shows that, like the previous analysis, the Coca-Cola â€Å"Open Happiness† advertising comes across to the majority of the viewers as just average or slightly above average. 4. Are You Currently Using This Product A majority of the respondents (86%) said to be currently drinking Coca-Cola meanwhile 14% claimed that they are not currently using Coca-Cola. 5. After seeing this advertisement, would you want to buy this product? A majority (95%) of the respondents were still determined to buy the product after seeing the advertisement and 5% said that they would not want to buy the product. Up by 9% from the people who claimed to not have been using Coca-Cola at the moment, the data shows that the advertising has given an impact only to a small amount of respondents to buy Coca-Cola. However, the data also shows that regular consumers are still willing to purchase Coca-Cola even though the advertisement did not come out that strong, as shown from the results in the second question. 6. Have you ever used this product? The chart below shows that 100% or all of the respondents claim to have used or bought Coca Cola at one point in their lives. 7. Age Among the 50 respondents, 30 (40%) were within the ages 18-25, 8 (16%) were 26-30, 12 (24%) were 31-35, 5 (10%) were 36-40, 3(6%) were 41-45, and 2 (3%) were 46-50. 8. Gender The chart below shows that majority (68%) of the respondents are male and 31% are female. 4.3 Evaluate the methodology used and critically analyze the findings The researcher used the Questionnaire method. This method was chosen because using a questionnaire with a random sample is a good way to find out the attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors of a large group of people. The questionnaire that was used contained Close-Ended Questions. A set of choices was given to the respondents for them to be able to answer the questions. Aside from that, the researcher also chose to use Likert-Scales as this would be the basis to determine the level of effectiveness of the advertisements. Likert-scales consist of questions that would be answered by ranking them (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree) The method used would have been more effective if partnered with a select interview coming from each type of age group. The questionnaire method was proven effective in getting the opinions of the majority of the population. On the other hand, the interview method could have gotten more in-depth insights or feedback from the consumers regarding their opinion on Coca-Cola’s advertising and how it affects them as a consumer. 4.4 Propose recommendations based on the findings which identify and justify areas for future research Through the years, Coca-Cola had always come out strong in their advertising materials. Good examples of it would be Coke’s â€Å"It’s the Real Thing† and â€Å"I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke† during the 70’s and 80’s. These advertisements have helped propel Coca-Cola into it’s status now as the number one beverage company in the world. However for this decade, Coca-Cola’s â€Å"Open Happiness† Campaign didn’t come out as strong as their previous advertisements. They haven’t been as visible to the public eye as before. As shown in the first question, a majority of the respondents haven’t even seen the advertising material of â€Å"open happiness† before. This research has also helped prove that the advertising campaign of Coca-Cola now was rated just above average by the consumers. However, since Coca-Cola has managed to build up loyal consumers through the years, the statistics show that even though the advertising material may come out confusing or â€Å"just okay†, consumers will still continue to patronize Coca-Cola no matter what advertising material they produce. In spite of this, Coca-Cola should not be complacent with their current loyal customers. They should still invest in advertising campaigns that would appeal to their market. They should focus more on the younger generations as they are the group that is still trying to discover new products. Coca-Cola should be able to capture their loyalty for them to be able to sustain their position as the number one beverage in the world. References Questionnaires. (n.d.). Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 30-March from Lets Evaluation Resources: http://www.shef.ac.uk/lets/evaluate/general/methods-collection/questionnaire#Why+use+questionnaires%3F Data Collection Methods. (n.d.). Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 30-March from Fao Corporate Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X2465E/x2465e09.htm#b8-6.3.3%20Interviews Primary and Secondary research. (n.d.). Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 2-April from Design and Technology: http://hsc.csu.edu.au/design_technology/producing/develop/2662/primary.htm

Cassius Manipulation of Brutus, the Noblest Roman of Them...

Brutus is a good man who is easily turned evil by men filled with abhorrence and jealousy. In the play, Julius Caesar, Brutus is a Roman who is easily manipulated, decisive, and proud. These contradicting traits of Brutus show us why the reader does not want to believe that Brutus is an antagonist in the story. Brutus is shown as being easily manipulated in the play. This trait is shown a few times in the play. At the beginning, Brutus is tricked by Cassius into believing that killing Julius Caesar would be for the better of Rome (1, 2, ll. 32-321). Cassius is able to deviously influence Brutus into thinking that Caesar is no different from Brutus. He says, â€Å"Brutus and Caesar: what should be in that Caesar?/ Why should that name be†¦show more content†¦In truth, Antony only wants to gain the conspirator’s trust to be able to defeat them through the citizens of Rome. We can easily see how Brutus was manipulated in this part of the story by the conspirators and Mark Antony. Brutus has great sense of honour and he thinks that others think the same way. It is this weakness in Brutus that makes him so easy to be manipulated. Brutus is also shown as being decisive in the play. He easily makes decisions that are followed without a moment’s hesitation. At first he displays this useful trait when he discusses with the conspirators about whether to include Cicero in the assassination of Caesar. Brutus rejects this idea and states, â€Å"O, name him not: let us not break with him:/ For he will never follow anything/ That other men begin† (2,1). Another time when Brutus shows his abilities to strongly make decisions occurs when he and Cassius debate over which battle strategies to take when facing Octavius and Antony’s army (4, 3, ll. 202-223). Cassius disagrees on what to do at first, but Brutus is able to win him over. Brutus’ decisive trait helped him very much in the play Julius Caesar. 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